memlnaut-nisps/docs/AGENT-REFERENCE.md

Detailed Agent Reference — MEMLNaut-NISPS

Supplement to ../AGENTS.md; deep target, schema, build, and verification detail lives here.

This file provides guidance to coding agents working with this repository.

Overview

MEMLNaut-NISPS — Neural Interactive Shaping of Parameter Spaces. A research platform for interactive ML control of audio. One C++20 codebase (nisps/) compiles to two targets:

1. RP2350 firmware for the MEMLNaut hardware platform (firmware/).
2. WASM in the Manifold React browser app (manifold/) — same engines + ML, run through an AudioWorklet.

(The former SolidJS playground was retired 2026-07-13 at P1 of docs/specs/plans/one-core-engine-refactor.md; archived on branch archive/playground-solidjs, tag playground-solidjs-final. The browser-only C15 engine currently lives only there.) Parameter contracts are JSON schemas (schemas/) with codegen producing the C++ headers (TS emission returns at P5).

Project documentation: https://musicallyembodiedml.github.io/memlnaut/approaches/nisps

For the codebase index, see MAP.md. For strategic gaps and open mission questions, see ALIGNMENT.md.

For anything UI-related in the Manifold front-end (manifold/), read manifold/ONBOARDING.md first — it's a single-file agent orientation (run/build/deploy/test, the UI/engine-spine/WASM layering, the convertible Stages, the Dock + drawers, and the non-obvious gotchas).

The nisps/ core

nisps/
├── core/      types, perf attrs, concepts (AudioEngine, MLEngine, Mode), fixed/ring buffers, deterministic RNG, math
├── ml/        MLP class template (4-layer, 3 hidden); SGD, gradient clipping, spread-aware Xavier init,
│              RL move_weights with output pin mask + per-layer scaling + weight decay
├── dsp/       biquad, delay, reverb, filter, env, osc, pitch_shift, dc_blocker
├── engines/   8 audio engines (paf_synth, channel_strip, xiasri, verb_fx, memlcelium, breakor,
│              elysiamorf, analysis) + NoOpEngine. Each satisfies the AudioEngine concept.
├── modes/     8 platform-agnostic modes binding {ML, engine, voice space, abstract I/O channels}.
│              CRTP base eliminates the duplication that plagued firmware modes.
└── wasm/      Emscripten C API bindings (compiled only for WASM target)

Build: cmake -S nisps -B nisps/build -G Ninja && cmake --build nisps/build && ctest --test-dir nisps/build.

Tests: 4 executables (nisps_core_tests, nisps_dsp_engine_tests, nisps_modes_tests, nisps_golden_tests). Run all: bash scripts/build-cpp-tests.sh. Parity vs WASM: bash scripts/parity-check.sh (asserts native and WASM produce identical outputs within 1e-5).

Performance contract (RP2350)

These rules apply to all code under nisps/. They are inert in WASM but kept globally for consistency.

• No heap. No new, malloc, std::vector in hot paths. Use nisps::FixedBuffer<T, N> or std::array<T, N>.
• Constants discipline. Float literals >255 used in hot paths must be static const float val = X.f; not inline.
• .f suffix on all float literals. No double promotion in audio/inference paths.
• Memory section attributes. Apply NISPS_AUDIO_MEM / NISPS_AUDIO_FUNC / NISPS_APP_SRAM / NISPS_HOT / NISPS_FORCE_INLINE (from nisps/core/perf.hpp).
• No virtual dispatch in audio path. AudioEngine and Mode are C++20 concepts, not interfaces.
• Deterministic RNG. All RNG state is per-instance; constructors take a seed; cross-platform parity tests rely on this.

Lint: bash scripts/lint-cpp.sh warns on missing .f and fails on heap/Arduino.h use under nisps/.

The firmware/ target

firmware/MEMLNaut-NISPS/
├── MEMLNaut-NISPS.ino     # Entry point; mode selected via #define MEMLNAUT_MODE_TYPE
├── glue/
│   ├── audio_driver.hpp   # memllib AudioDriver block callback → Mode::process per-sample
│   ├── peripherals.hpp    # joystick / pots / buttons → Mode::set_input + ML primitives
│   ├── midi_io.hpp        # MIDI in → mode handlers; drain ControlEvent ring → MIDI UART
│   ├── mode_select.hpp    # type aliases firmware mode name → nisps::modes::*Mode
│   ├── input_router.hpp   # wire_inputs() entry point
│   ├── output_router.hpp  # drain_outputs() entry point
│   └── settings_view.hpp  # wire_settings(): TFT/rotary menu (Joystick Dual/Single for 4-in modes)
└── src/{memllib,daisysp,nisps}    # symlinks (Arduino-CLI sketch tree convention)

Build: scripts/build-firmware.sh [VARIANT]. Verified compiling for PAFSynth, ChannelStrip, BreakOr on rp2040:rp2040:solderparty_rp2350_stamp_xl:opt=Optimize3 with -std=gnu++20. Flash: scripts/flash-firmware.sh. One-shot: scripts/build-and-flash-firmware.sh.

Dual-core orchestration (firmware)

• Core 0: UI loop, ML inference (Mode::tick_control), peripheral polling (5ms period).
• Core 1: Real-time audio processing (Mode::process), MIDI polling.
• Sync: nisps::core::ring_buffer (templated SPSC lock-free, replaces pico/util/queue) + memory barriers (nisps::core::memory_barrier, write_volatile/read_volatile).

The manifold/ target

manifold/                    # Vite + React + TypeScript (the sole browser app)
├── src/
│   ├── engine/              # framework-neutral TS engine spine: wasm-iml, engine-host + worklet,
│   │                        # input/output pipelines + curves (move into core at P4), spine.ts, EngineProvider
│   ├── primitives/          # 12 design primitives as typed React
│   ├── console/             # convertible Console (CompositeStage, Dock, Drawers, Manifold canvas, …)
│   ├── dock/, backends/, inputs/, feedback/, settings/, serial/, midi-devices/
│   └── debug/probe.ts       # window.__nisps behind ?debug=1 for Playwright
├── public/                  # nisps.{wasm,js} — canonical build-wasm.sh output
└── tests/                   # e2e Playwright specs + fixtures/ (P4 golden parity fixtures)

Dev: cd manifold && bun install && bun run dev. Build: bun run build. Typecheck: bun run typecheck. Unit: bun run test. E2E: bunx playwright test (on the VPS run the runner via non-snap node — BUILD-PLAN gotcha).

Read manifold/ONBOARDING.md before touching manifold UI — layering, Stages, Dock, gotchas.

The schemas/ + codegen/ contract

Each mode has a schemas/modes/<mode>.json describing its parameters (name, label, range, default, curve, group), ML config (input/output sizes, hidden layers), voice spaces (names — bodies are inline lambdas in the C++ engine), and UI config. The meta-schema at schemas/schema.json validates these.

Codegen (bun run codegen/generate.ts) emits:

• nisps/modes/generated/<mode>_schema.hpp — constexpr C++ data, namespace nisps::modes::generated, re-exports nisps::Curve from nisps/core/math.hpp.
• (TS emission is dormant since P1; it returns at P5 targeting manifold/src/modes/generated/.)

Codegen is idempotent. Golden test ensures regenerating produces byte-identical output.

WASM bridge

Two WASM instances at runtime:

1. Main thread (manifold/src/engine/wasm-iml.ts): ML inference + sync training + RL primitives, reporting into an injected EngineSink. Async training via disposable Web Worker (wasm-worker.ts).
2. AudioWorklet (manifold/src/engine/worklet/nisps-processor.ts): runs engine process_block per audio block. Loads nisps.wasm directly via WebAssembly.compile (no Emscripten glue in worklet). Bytes posted from main thread.

C API is in nisps/wasm/bindings.cpp. Build: bash scripts/build-wasm.sh (~94KB output to manifold/public/).

The WASM target is fixed at MLP<32u, 10u, 14u, 18u, 126u> (nisps_ml_create ignores requested dims — see docs/specs/plans/one-core-engine-refactor.md P2). Modes with smaller input_size/output_size use a slice.

Known limitations

• Loss history not yet plumbed through C API; only the final loss of a training run reaches TS.
• Engine MLP architecture is fixed at compile time — runtime-shaped browser MLP arrives at P2 of docs/specs/plans/one-core-engine-refactor.md.
• Mic input through the worklet for XIASRI / SoundAnalysisMIDI is not wired in manifold.
• C15 has no home on main (see ALIGNMENT.md defect #1).
• The browser Jolt/OU controls in manifold reimplement the gesture math in TS (interim, ported from the retired playground) rather than calling the C++ ml::Jolt/ml::OUNoise through WASM. They drive weights via the existing nisps_ml_get/set_weights bindings — the P3 phase of the one-core-engine plan replaces them with nisps_ml_jolt_press/release + nisps_ml_explore_intensity bindings.

URL parameters (manifold)

Param	Range	Default	Effect
debug	1	(off)	Exposes the window.__nisps debug probe.

(The playground-era tame/spread/preset URL params died with the playground; spread survives as an engine concept — see below.)

spread — sigmoid saturation control

The MLP uses ReLU hidden layers with a sigmoid output. With uniform [-1,1] weights, the sum of many weighted inputs at each layer drives sigmoid pre-activations far from zero (std dev ≈ √fan_in), causing outputs to saturate. The spread parameter addresses this:

• spread=0 (polarised): uniform [-1,1] weights, RL noise cap 0.3, no decay. Outputs cluster at extremes — good for radical exploration.
• spread=1 (centered): Xavier-scaled weights, RL noise cap 0.05, 10% weight decay per move. Outputs spread across [0,1] — better for fine-grained shaping.
• Intermediate values interpolate.

Verification chokepoints (user-confirmed)

• A. Hardware: each firmware mode flashes and produces correct audio on RP2350.
• B. RP2350 perf: no regression vs current main.
• C. Browser parity: each firmware mode runs in browser via WASM, sounds equivalent.
• D. a-immersive feature parity: control surface, snapshots, A/B compare, region/param pins, heatmap, weight health, gradient flow, output pipeline, session presets.
• E. CI green: bash scripts/run-all-tests.sh (cmake build + ctest + WASM build + parity + lint + Playwright).

Build system summary

# Initialize submodules (required for memllib + daisysp)
git submodule update --init --recursive

# Codegen (run after editing any schemas/modes/*.json)
cd codegen && bun install && bun run generate.ts

# C++ host tests
bash scripts/build-cpp-tests.sh

# WASM
bash scripts/build-wasm.sh

# Cross-platform parity
bash scripts/parity-check.sh

# Lint
bash scripts/lint-cpp.sh

# Firmware
scripts/build-firmware.sh PAFSynth        # or any other variant
scripts/flash-firmware.sh
scripts/build-and-flash-firmware.sh

# Manifold
cd manifold && bun install
bun run dev          # Vite dev (COOP/COEP enabled)
bun run typecheck
bun run test         # bun unit tests
bun run build
bunx playwright test # on the VPS: node node_modules/.bin/playwright test

# All tests
bash scripts/run-all-tests.sh

Issue tracking

Use ergo exclusively for coding-work tasks over the Holon core; see the ergo skill. Do not use TodoWrite or markdown task lists. Legacy tracker stores are retired/frozen and reference-only.